When light strikes a cone (or rod) in our retinas, a chemical reaction takes place. Each of the photoreceptors (cones and rods) contain photo pigments that consist of chromophore which is a form of Vitmain A and a protein known as opsin (Brynie, 2009). At the moment light strikes a photo pigment, the protein and the chromophore split which, in return, cause a nerve impulse (Brynie, 2009). The impulse travels through the retina to a ganglion cell which are located in the outer part of the retina (Brynie, 2009). Ganglion cells are responsible for transmitting information to our brains for further processing. These cells are also responsible for determining the amount of color seen. Using the information transmitted from the cones, ganglion cells are responsible for telling the human brain the amount of green red, the amount of blue or yellow, and the brightness of a color (Allain, 2009). These are also the cells that send messages to the brain to wake up or go to sleep based on the amount of light at the present time (Robinson, 2011). Through a series of transfers the brain is then able to produce an image that is reflective of the environment being perceived by the human eye.
Ultimately, the brain is responsible for putting together the information from each type of cone to create a perception of the various wavelengths of light and to assign color as we know it. Variations within cone responses can occur in any individual eye. For instance, one human being may respond to long wave lengths (reddish colors) at a varying measure than another person which would explain how someone perceives a reddish color from distinguishing it to be closer to orange (UCSB, n.d.).
So, given that the human eye is all wired the same, it would be reasonable to assume that the color seen by one individual is the same color seen by another individual. However, this is not always the case. While the human eye is wired to use this particular vision processing system, individual eyes have varying amounts of cones and the types of cones vary as well meaning that one individual may have more red sensitive cones than their peers.
Ultimately, the brain is responsible for putting together the information from each type of cone to create a perception of the various wavelengths of light and to assign color as we know it. Variations within cone responses can occur in any individual eye. For instance, one human being may respond to long wave lengths (reddish colors) at a varying measure than another person which would explain how someone perceives a reddish color from distinguishing it to be closer to orange (UCSB, n.d.).
So, given that the human eye is all wired the same, it would be reasonable to assume that the color seen by one individual is the same color seen by another individual. However, this is not always the case. While the human eye is wired to use this particular vision processing system, individual eyes have varying amounts of cones and the types of cones vary as well meaning that one individual may have more red sensitive cones than their peers.